Sri Lanka’s gem industry has a rich history, earning it the name Ratna-Dweepa or “Gem Island.” Historical figures like Marco Polo and Ptolemy praised its sapphires and other precious stones. Known as Serendib by ancient traders, the island was a key hub in the gem trade. Geologically ancient, with rocks dating back over 560 million years, Sri Lanka’s gem deposits are mainly found in the Highland Complex. These include sedimentary, metamorphic, and magmatic types, with metamorphic deposits making up 90%. Around 25% of the island is gem-bearing, with Ratnapura—“City of Gems”—being the main center.
The History of Gems in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka or Ceylon until 1972 is well known throughout the world for the large quantity and exquisite variety of its gemstones.
A gem is a precious or semi-precious mineral that is cut and polished for use in jewelry and decoration. Gems are valued for their beauty, rarity, and durability. Common gems include sapphire, ruby, emerald, and diamond.
